A Guide to Dissociative Identity Disorder

Frowning woman with a distorted face

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 

These identities may have their own names, ages, histories and characteristics. DID often develops as a response to severe trauma or abuse during early childhood and it can significantly impact a person’s daily life.

In this guide, we’ll explore the nature of Dissociative Identity Disorder, its symptoms, causes and treatment options. By the end, you’ll have a better understanding of DID and how to approach its management.

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental health condition listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It is characterized by:

  • The presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities.
  • Gaps in memory about everyday events, personal information and past traumatic events.
  • Distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.

People with DID often experience periods of amnesia when a different personality takes control. These periods can range from minutes to days and can be extremely disorienting.

Symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder

The symptoms of DID can vary widely but typically include:

  • Amnesia: Gaps in memory for significant periods.
  • Depersonalization: Feeling detached from oneself.
  • Derealization: Feeling that the world around is not real.
  • Identity Confusion: Uncertainty about who one is.
  • Identity Alteration: A distinct shift to another personality state.

Common co-occurring symptoms

People with DID often experience other mental health issues such as:

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  • Substance abuse
  • Self-harm

How Common is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

DID is considered a rare disorder, but its exact prevalence is challenging to determine due to the complexity of diagnosis and the stigma surrounding mental health issues. Estimates suggest that around 1.5% of the general population may have DID, with higher rates in clinical settings.

Causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder

DID is most commonly linked to severe trauma during early childhood, usually extreme, repetitive physical, sexual or emotional abuse. The dissociative aspect of DID is considered a coping mechanism; the person dissociates themselves from a situation or experience that is too violent, traumatic or painful to assimilate with their conscious self.

Risk factors

  • Childhood trauma: The most significant risk factor.
  • Family history: A family history of dissociative disorders or other mental health issues.
  • Long-term abuse: Prolonged periods of abuse or neglect.

Is Dissociative Identity Disorder Real?

Yes, Dissociative Identity Disorder is a real and recognized mental health condition. Despite some skepticism and controversy in the medical community, extensive research supports the validity of DID as a diagnosis. It is listed in the DSM-5, which is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States.

How to Treat Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Treatment for DID often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication and supportive care. The goal is to integrate the separate identities into one primary identity and to address the traumatic memories and emotional issues that contribute to the disorder.

Psychotherapy

The most effective dissociative identity disorder treatment is long-term psychotherapy, which involves:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps people understand and change their thought patterns and behaviors.
  • Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT): Focuses on teaching coping skills to manage emotions and improve relationships.
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Often used to treat trauma-related symptoms by processing and integrating traumatic memories.
  • Hypnotherapy: May help access and integrate dissociated identities.

Medication

There is no specific medication for DID, but medications can be prescribed to manage co-occurring symptoms such as depression, anxiety or PTSD. These may include:

  • Antidepressants
  • Anti-anxiety medications
  • Antipsychotic drugs

Supportive care

Supportive care is essential for people with DID, which may include:

  • Support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can provide emotional support and reduce feelings of isolation.
  • Family therapy: Involving family members in treatment can help them understand the disorder and learn how to support their loved one.
  • Self-care strategies: Encouraging healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise, proper nutrition and adequate sleep, can improve overall well-being.

Living with Dissociative Identity Disorder

It’s important for those with DID to work closely with mental health professionals and to develop a strong support network.

Practical advice for managing DID

  • Keep a journal: Writing down experiences and feelings can help track symptoms and identify triggers.
  • Develop grounding techniques: Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness and sensory activities can help manage dissociative episodes.
  • Create a safety plan: Having a plan in place for managing crises can provide a sense of security and control.
  • Educate yourself and others: Understanding DID and educating friends and family can reduce stigma and improve support.

Help for DID in Wisconsin

If you or a loved one is struggling with DID, it’s crucial to seek help from a qualified mental health professional who can provide the necessary care and guidance. By understanding the symptoms, causes and treatment options for DID, you can take the first step towards managing this condition effectively and improving your overall well-being.

If you or someone you know is struggling with DID, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. At Granite Hills Hospital, located in West Allis, Wisconsin, we provide a continuum of care that includes inpatient and outpatient programs. If you are interested in treatment, view our services to learn more or call us today at 414-667-4800. 

If you or a loved one is experiencing a mental health crisis, CALL 988 or get to the nearest emergency room.

For physical health emergencies, CALL 911 or get to the nearest emergency room.

Recent Posts