A Guide to Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, is more than just shyness or occasional nervousness in social situations. It’s a chronic mental health condition that causes intense fear of social interactions and can significantly impair daily life. 

In this guide, we’ll explore what social anxiety disorder is, its symptoms, causes and various treatment options available. By understanding this condition better, we can foster empathy and support for those who live with it every day.

Social Anxiety Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. People with this disorder often worry about embarrassing themselves or being humiliated in social situations. This fear can be so overwhelming that it interferes with daily activities, including work, school and personal relationships.

Social Anxiety Disorder criteria

To be diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder, certain criteria must be met. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), these include:

• Intense fear or anxiety in one or more social situations where the person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
• Fear of acting in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing.
• Avoidance of social situations or enduring them with intense fear or anxiety.
• The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation.
• The fear, anxiety or avoidance lasts for six months or more.
• Significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.

Social Anxiety Disorder can manifest in various physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms. Recognizing Social Anxiety Disorder symptoms is crucial for seeking appropriate treatment.

Physical symptoms

• Rapid heartbeat
• Sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea or stomach upset
• Muscle tension

Emotional and behavioral symptoms

• Intense fear of social situations
• Worrying about upcoming social events
• Avoiding social interactions
• Feeling self-conscious and embarrassed
• Fear of being judged negatively
• Difficulty making eye contact
• Avoiding speaking in public

The exact cause is not entirely understood, but it’s believed that a combination of genetic, environmental and psychological factors are what causes Social Anxiety Disorder.

Genetic factors

Research suggests that social anxiety disorder can run in families, indicating a genetic predisposition. If a close family member has social anxiety disorder, you may be at a higher risk of developing it.

Environmental factors

Environmental factors, such as childhood experiences, can also contribute to the development of Social Anxiety Disorder. These may include:

• Negative social experiences like bullying or teasing.
• Overprotective or controlling parents.
• Family conflicts or trauma.

Psychological factors

Certain personality traits, such as being naturally shy or introverted, can increase the likelihood of developing Social Anxiety Disorder. Additionally, people who have low self-esteem or perfectionist tendencies may be more susceptible.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of Social Anxiety Disorder. During this time, teenagers face numerous social challenges and changes, making them particularly vulnerable to anxiety. Social Anxiety Disorder in adolescents can lead to poor academic performance, difficulty forming friendships and increased risk of substance abuse.

Symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescents

While the core symptoms remain the same, adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder may exhibit additional signs such as:

• Avoiding school or extracurricular activities.
• Declining invitations to social events.
• Excessive use of social media to avoid face-to-face interactions.
• Difficulty speaking in class or participating in group activities.

The good news is that Social Anxiety Disorder treatment is out there and it works. Various approaches can help people manage their symptoms and take positive steps forward.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is one of the most effective treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder. It involves identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with anxiety. Through CBT, you can learn to develop healthier coping mechanisms and gradually face your fears in a controlled environment.

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder. Common medications include:

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline (Zoloft) or fluoxetine (Prozac).
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine (Effexor).
• Beta-blockers for situational anxiety, such as performance anxiety.

Lifestyle changes and self-help strategies

In addition to therapy and medication, certain lifestyle changes and self-help strategies can be beneficial:

• Regular exercise to reduce stress and improve mood.
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and meditation.
• Gradual exposure to feared social situations.
• Joining support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges.

Seeking professional help

If you or someone you know is struggling with Social Anxiety Disorder, it’s essential to seek professional help. A mental health professional can provide a comprehensive assessment and develop a tailored treatment plan.

Social Anxiety Disorder is a challenging condition that affects millions of people worldwide. However, with the right treatment and support, people with social anxiety disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and not let the disorder control their lives. 

If you suspect that you or someone you know may have Social Anxiety Disorder, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for assistance. At Granite Hills Hospital, located in West Allis, Wisconsin, we provide a continuum of care that includes inpatient and outpatient programs. If you are interested in treatment, view our services to learn more or call us today at 414-667-4800.