Understanding the Differences Between Borderline Personality Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder have similar symptoms, which can cause confusion and wrong diagnosis. It’s important to tell the difference between the two to give people the right treatment. Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatments for BPD and bipolar disorder can help us manage these mental health issues better. Knowing the differences is key to giving people the help they need for their well-being.

Mental health disorders can affect people in different ways, with each disorder having its own causes, symptoms and treatments. By learning about these disorders, we can better help those struggling with them. This article explores the complexities of mental health disorders, highlighting what makes each one unique. Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options can help us provide caring and thorough support to those in need.

BPD is a mental health condition characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. People with BPD can have intense feelings of anger, sadness and worry that last for a few hours to a few days.

Causes of borderline personality disorder

We are not sure why BPD happens, but it could be because of genes, brain function, environment and how we interact with others. Studies show that changes in how the brain looks and works, especially in parts that manage impulses and emotions, may play a role in the disorder.

Environmental factors, such as a history of childhood trauma or neglect, are also commonly associated with BPD. These experiences can affect personality development and the ability to manage emotions and stress.

Signs of borderline personality disorder

People with BPD have ups and downs in their feelings and how they see themselves, which can cause them to act impulsively and have trouble in relationships.

Common signs include:

• Intense fear of abandonment, whether real or imagined
• A pattern of unstable relationships, swinging between idealization and depreciation
• Distorted and unstable self-image
• Impulsive and risky behaviors
• Self-harming behavior or suicidal threats
• Intense and highly changeable moods
• Chronic feelings of emptiness
• Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
• Periods of paranoia or loss of contact with reality

Borderline personality disorder treatment

Treatment for BPD usually involves talking with a therapist to understand and control emotions and behaviors. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a form of therapy for mental health problems, like anxiety or depression, that is particularly effective for BPD. It focuses on teaching skills to cope with stress, regulate emotions and improve relationships.

Medicines are not officially approved for BPD. However, they can be used to help with other problems like depression or anxiety that come with BPD. In some cases, admission to a hospital may be necessary during times of crisis or if there is a risk of self-harm.

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes extreme fluctuations in mood. These mood swings can range from highs (mania or hypomanic state) to lows (depression).

Causes of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder can be caused by a mix of genes, surroundings and changes in the brain’s structure and chemistry. Family history plays a significant role, with the disorder often running in families.

Signs of bipolar disorder

The signs of bipolar disorder are primarily the episodes of mania and depression. Manic episodes include symptoms such as:

• Increased energy, activity and restlessness
• Excessively highlighted sense of well-being and self-confidence (euphoria)
• Decreased need for sleep
• Unusual chattiness
• Racing thoughts
• Difficulty paying attention or staying focused.
• Poor decision-making, such as going on buying sprees or taking sexual risks

Depressive episodes involve symptoms like:

• Prolonged sadness or unexplained crying spells
• Significant changes in appetite and sleep patterns
• Easily annoyed, anger, worry, agitation, anxiety
• Pessimism and indifference
• Loss of energy and persistent lethargy
• Feelings of guilt and worthlessness
• Lack of ability to concentrate
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Bipolar disorder treatment

Treatment for bipolar disorder often includes a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Medications such as mood stabilizers, neuroleptics and antidepressants can assist in managing mood fluctuations.

Psychotherapy can provide support, education and guidance to patients and their families. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common form of psychotherapy used to treat bipolar disorder. It focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors and developing coping strategies.

Borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder share some similarities in mood unsteadiness, but they are distinctly different conditions with unique patterns and treatments.

Key differences

Mood swings happen more often in BPD compared to bipolar disorder, where mood episodes last longer. BPD mood shifts can happen many times in a day, while bipolar mood episodes usually last for weeks or months.

Borderline personality disorder mood swings happen as a reaction to things happening around them. On the other hand, bipolar mood swings can happen without any clear reason and are separate episodes of feeling really sad or really energized.

• Self-image: Individuals with BPD typically have a more consistently unstable self-image and sense of self, unlike those with bipolar disorder.
• Relationship patterns: BPD is marked by a pattern of intense and unstable relationships, whereas bipolar disorder does not specifically involve this characteristic.

Diagnosis and treatment implications

Since BPD and bipolar disorder have overlapping symptoms, it’s essential for healthcare professionals to conduct a thorough evaluation to make an accurate diagnosis. This will ensure that the right treatment plan is put in place.

While borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder can be challenging to distinguish, understanding the key distinctions is crucial for effective treatment. Both conditions require a comprehensive treatment plan that may include medication, therapy and support. With the right help, individuals with BPD or bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives.

If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of BPD or bipolar disorder, it is important to seek professional help. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected by these disorders.

Located in West Allis, WI, Granite Hills offers clarity and support for understanding the differences between BPD and bipolar disorder. Our specialized inpatient and outpatient services are designed to provide comprehensive care tailored to each individual’s needs. Contact us at 414-667-4800 today to learn more about how we can help you or your loved one navigate these conditions effectively.

If you or your teen is experiencing a mental health crisis, call 988 or go to the nearest emergency room.
For physical health emergencies, call 911 or get to the nearest emergency room.